Chi Square Test! Explained with an example.

Hi readers! Today we will discuss about Chi Square Test. It is one of the tests of Hypothesis testing.  The Chi-square test stands as a cornerstone in statistical analysis, offering researchers a powerful tool to assess the association between categorical variables. Whether in biology, sociology, marketing, or any field that involves categorical data, the Chi-square test proves invaluable. It is also called Test of Independence.

Type of data – This test is performed for Discrete data only.

Let us illustrate this with an example. In a particular organization, 379 males applied for a job opening, and 25 of them were selected. Additionally, 263 females applied, with 15 of them being selected. The question that arises is whether the selection process is gender-specific. The details of the applied candidates and the selection outcomes are provided in the table.”

Gender	Applied	Selected
Male	379	25
Female	263	15

Step for conducting Chi Square Test in Minitab. 

Formulate Hypotheses

H0: Selection is independent of gender.  (Null Hypothesis)

H1: Selection is dependent on gender.    (Alternative Hypothesis)

Open Minitab.

Path – Stat>Tables> Chi Square Test for association, Next, select the summarized data in a two-way table. Then, in place of columns containing the table, choose ‘Applied’ and ‘Selected’ as shown in the picture below. Finally, click OK.”

Result –

Conclusion – Now here we can see the result. As shown in above picture.  In this case, since the p-value is greater than 0.05, we cannot reject the null hypothesis (H0). Therefore, we accept the null hypothesis, indicating that the selection of applicants is independent of gender.